Phthalates Induced Neurotoxicity: A Mechanistic Approach.

Phthalates play a significant role as plastic modifying additives in everyday items like plastics, pesticides, paints, and cosmetics. This review explores the relationship between phthalates and neurotoxicity and sheds light on the potential risks these ubiquitous chemicals pose to neurological health. The review elucidates the diverse neurotoxic effects of phthalates exposure, spanning developmental neurotoxicity, neuropathy, neurodegenerative diseases, and neurobehavioral toxicity. Mechanistic insights reveal the pathways through which phthalates induce cellular damage, including oxidative stress, disruption of calcium signalling, alteration in lipid metabolism, and interference with thyroid hormone homeostasis. Moreover, the review discusses regulatory measures aimed at restricting phthalate usage and highlights the imperative for further research and awareness to safeguard public health against the neurotoxic effects of phthalates.