Design and Simulation-Based Testing of a Mobile Application for Self-Care Management in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Prediabetes.

Mobile health applications are increasingly recognized as valuable tools for supporting self-care management among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and prediabetes. This study explores the development and testing of NusaCare, a mobile app designed to assist patients through lifestyle tracking, education, and personalized interventions. Using a co-design approach, the process began with desk reviews and focus group discussions to gather initial insights. A pre-simulation phase followed, during which prototypes were tested and refined. The final prototype was evaluated in a simulation involving 61 participants, revealing that the challenges feature (70%) and food tracking (42.86%) were the most frequently used features. Post-intervention feedback highlighted the app's usability and its potential to enhance self-care behaviors. This study emphasizes the importance of engaging users in co-design processes to develop effective mobile health interventions for managing prediabetes and T2DM.