Current developments in nutrition · 2026
Acute Effects of a Low Dose of Caffeine on Physiological and Performance Factors in Young Male Soccer Players: A Randomized Crossover Study.
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Azizi Mohammad Mehdi, Salesi Mohsen
Аннотация
OBJECTIVES: This research aimed to study the acute consumption of caffeine on the performance of young male soccer players in the Loughborough soccer passing test (LSPT) and Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 (YYIR1), and also on the heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and rate pressure product (RPP), immediately after the YYIR1.
METHODS: In a randomized, counterbalanced, crossover design, 12 young male soccer players (16.5 ± 0.52 y; 63 ± 8.06 kg; training background: 4-5 sessions/wk) voluntarily completed 2 distinct experimental sessions: 1) caffeine and 2) placebo. In each test session, 1 h after taking a caffeine or placebo (flour) capsule (3 mg·kg-1), the participants first completed the LSPT and then the YYIR1. HR, systolic BP (SBP), and diastolic BP (DBP) were measured before the start, 1 h after the start, and immediately after the end of the YYIR1. Because the Shapiro-Wilk test confirmed the normality of the data, parametric tests [repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and dependent t-test] were used to analyze the research questions.
RESULTS: Two-way repeated-measures ANOVA revealed significant main effects of condition (P = 0.006) and time (P < 0.001) for HR, without a significant condition × time interaction (P = 0.144); however, post hoc analysis showed significantly higher HR after caffeine ingestion compared with placebo immediately after the YYIR1 (P = 0.025). A significant condition × time interaction was observed for DBP (P = 0.014), although pairwise comparisons showed no significant post hoc differences (all P ≥ 0.101). No significant main or interaction effects were found for SBP or RPP (all P ≥ 0.066).
CONCLUSIONS: Within the limits of the current sample size, acute ingestion of 3 mg·kg-1 caffeine elicited modest physiological responses in adolescent soccer players, significantly augmenting postexercise HR without substantially altering BP, RPP, or soccer-specific performance factors. However, given the observed numerical improvements in functional test results, these findings should be interpreted cautiously, as low-dose caffeine may offer subtle practical benefits that warrant further investigation with greater statistical power.
METHODS: In a randomized, counterbalanced, crossover design, 12 young male soccer players (16.5 ± 0.52 y; 63 ± 8.06 kg; training background: 4-5 sessions/wk) voluntarily completed 2 distinct experimental sessions: 1) caffeine and 2) placebo. In each test session, 1 h after taking a caffeine or placebo (flour) capsule (3 mg·kg-1), the participants first completed the LSPT and then the YYIR1. HR, systolic BP (SBP), and diastolic BP (DBP) were measured before the start, 1 h after the start, and immediately after the end of the YYIR1. Because the Shapiro-Wilk test confirmed the normality of the data, parametric tests [repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and dependent t-test] were used to analyze the research questions.
RESULTS: Two-way repeated-measures ANOVA revealed significant main effects of condition (P = 0.006) and time (P < 0.001) for HR, without a significant condition × time interaction (P = 0.144); however, post hoc analysis showed significantly higher HR after caffeine ingestion compared with placebo immediately after the YYIR1 (P = 0.025). A significant condition × time interaction was observed for DBP (P = 0.014), although pairwise comparisons showed no significant post hoc differences (all P ≥ 0.101). No significant main or interaction effects were found for SBP or RPP (all P ≥ 0.066).
CONCLUSIONS: Within the limits of the current sample size, acute ingestion of 3 mg·kg-1 caffeine elicited modest physiological responses in adolescent soccer players, significantly augmenting postexercise HR without substantially altering BP, RPP, or soccer-specific performance factors. However, given the observed numerical improvements in functional test results, these findings should be interpreted cautiously, as low-dose caffeine may offer subtle practical benefits that warrant further investigation with greater statistical power.