Association of TGF-β1 -509 C/T, 29 C/T and 788 C/T gene polymorphisms with chronic periodontitis: a case-control study.

The aim of this study was to investigate the possible association between TGF-β1 -509 C/T (rs1800469), 29 C/T (Prol10Leu, rs1800470) and 788 C/T (Thr263Ile, rs1800472) gene polymorphisms and chronic periodontitis (CP) in a sample of Iranian population. This case-control study was conducted on 100 CP patients and 100 healthy unrelated, age-, sex-, and ethnicity-matched. Genotyping was performed by tetra amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (T-ARMS-PCR) technique. Our findings showed that there was a significant difference between the groups regarding TGF-β1 29 C/T (rs1800470) polymorphism (χ2=23.23, P<0.0001). The CT and TT genotypes increased the risk of CP in comparison with the CC genotype (OR=4.42, 95% CI=2.16-9.06, P<0.001 and OR=5.84, 95% CI=2.32-14.71, P<0.001, respectively). The T allele increased the risk of CP (OR=2.50, 95% CI=1.66-3.74, P<0.001) in comparison with C allele. No significant association was found among the groups regarding -509 C/T and 788 C/T variants of TGF-β1 gene. This study shows that TGF-β1 29 C/T polymorphism, but not -509 C/T and 788 C/T polymorphisms, may contribute to the development of CP in a sample of Iranian population. Further studies with larger sample sizes and different ethnicities are needed to validate our findings.