[Otosclerosis].

Otosclerosis is a bone remodeling disorder with still unclear origin, which exclusively forms tiny foci in the human temporal bone. These foci most often develop in the anterior part of the oval window niche and in the stapes footplate, and mechanically fix the ossicles, causing a consequent conductive hearing loss. In relation to the treatment of otosclerosis, it is a natural demand to try to reverse the progression of the disease with various medical treatment options, but until now only bone remodeling has been slowed down. Sodium fluoride and bisphosphonate treatment have shown to be highly promising, but due to their serious side effects, they can only be considered in exceptional cases. There is still great hope for targeted (biological) therapies, but they are not yet approved in Hungary. The „gold standard” procedure for otosclerosis is the surgical solution, which does not cure the disease, just simply eliminates the conductive component of the hearing loss. The older stapedectomy is increasingly being replaced by the technically simpler stapedotomy, however, they are still considered almost equivalent procedures in the literature. In addition to standard microscopic stapes surgery, the most modern endoscopic stapedotomy is also presented. Orv Hetil. 2024; 165(32): 1237–1241.