Advancement of bottom-up precipitation synthesis and applications of barium sulphate nanoparticles.

Barium sulphate nanoparticles (BaSO4 NPs) have garnered considerable attention owing to their distinctive physicochemical characteristics and varied uses in the polymer industry and medicine. Their synthesis by the bottom-up precipitation process is significantly affected by capping agents, which are crucial for regulating shape and size. BaSO4 nanoparticles exhibit significant potential in medical imaging, reinforcing of bone cement, and administration of cancer therapeutics, while simultaneously improving the tensile strength, thermal stability, and impact resistance of polymers. This review paper examines the influence of diverse capping agents, including polymers, surfactants, and organic compounds, on the shape and size modulation of nanoparticles. It also analyses reactor modifications, such as rotating packed beds, T-mixers, membrane reactors, and spinning disc reactors, to enhance size distribution. This review also emphasises the prospective applications of BaSO4 nanoparticles in medical imaging, targeted medication administration, energy storage, and composite materials. Green synthesis techniques and ionic liquid-assisted methods are examined to enhance the sustainable manufacture of BaSO4 nanoparticles.