[Pathological roles of lipid metabolism disorders in asthma and related intervention strategies].

Asthma is a heterogeneous chronic respiratory disease characterized by airflow obstruction, smooth muscle contraction, and excessive mucus secretion. In recent years, with the increasing prevalence of obesity-associated asthma and advances in technologies such as lipidomics, the central role of lipid metabolism disorders in the pathophysiology of asthma has attracted growing attention. Through regulating energy conversion, inflammatory signal transduction, and the generation of lipid mediators (such as leukotrienes and prostaglandins), lipid metabolism plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of asthma, including inflammatory responses, airway hyperresponsiveness, and airway remodeling. Targeting lipid metabolism has become an important strategy for drug development and has been proven effective. However, no single therapy is currently effective for all patients with asthma. Evaluation of the metabolic status of asthma patients may contribute to more precise phenotyping, while management of lipid nutrition and lifestyle may provide preventive protection for asthma patients. Examining asthma from the perspective of lipid metabolism may provide new theoretical foundations and practical directions for precision therapy.