Comparative analysis of conventional and IRMS techniques for honey adulteration detection in accordance with ISIRI standards.

OBJECTIVE: This study assesses the comparative performance of Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS) and conventional techniques in detecting honey adulteration. Standard analytical methods, in accordance with ISIRI guidelines, were evaluated alongside δ13C isotopic analysis via IRMS across a dataset of 20 honey samples. Conventional analytical techniques were employed to evaluate parameters such as pre-hydrolysis reducing sugars, sucrose content, the fructose-to-glucose ratio, proline, and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). The advanced IRMS technique was utilized to determine δ13C values for glucose with high accuracy and sensitivity. The carbohydrate profile of honey, including glucose, fructose, disaccharides, and trisaccharides, was analyzed using LC/IRMS. A comparative assessment of both methods was conducted on twenty honey samples, following ISIRI guidelines.

RESULTS: While conventional methods met ISIRI criteria in 18 out of 20 samples, IRMS produced contrasting findings-only 2 samples were identified as genuine and free from adulteration. Statistical evaluation using Prism software revealed a significant discrepancy between the two techniques, with a p-value < 0.05, indicating stronger confidence in IRMS results. The findings highlight the necessity of reconsidering current protocols for honey adulteration detection in order to preserve the purity and credibility of this high-value natural product.