Probiotic knowledge of adults with cystic fibrosis is limited but is associated with probiotic use: A cross-sectional survey study.

Background

Probiotics are used by people with cystic fibrosis (CF) and other chronic diseases to manage gastrointestinal symptoms. Aim: To describe probiotic knowledge; its relationship with probiotic use, probiotic information sources and factors influencing choice in adults with CF and a general population control group.

Methods

A cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted in adults with CF (n = 205) and Controls (n = 158). Probiotic knowledge was compared between CF and Controls using a knowledge score (maximum 5) based on predefined criteria: (1a) bacteria/microorganism; (1b) live; (2a) administered; (2b) adequate dose and (3) health benefit, using independent samples t-test. Two-way analysis of variance explored knowledge scores between CF and Control and between Ever User and Never User groups. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests compared knowledge criterion, probiotic sources and influences on probiotic choice between groups. Thematic analysis of open-text responses explored probiotic-related knowledge and influences on probiotic decision making.

Results

Knowledge scores (mean ± SD) did not differ between CF (1.70 ± 1.12) and Controls (1.89 ± 0.99), p = 0.13. Probiotic use was associated with knowledge score (p < 0.001). More CF Ever Users than Never Users correctly identified criteria 1a (65% vs. 38%), 1b (16% vs. 0%), 2a (45% vs. 22%) and 3 (73% vs. 42%) (all p < 0.005). CF participants considered 'dairy yoghurt' (69%), 'live cultures' (64%) and 'fermented foods' (37%) as 'all/mostly' probiotic sources. The internet was the commonest source of probiotic-related information.

Conclusion

Probiotic knowledge and use were associated in adults with CF. Understanding of probiotic characteristics and sources were limited. Education is needed to help guide patient probiotic decision making.