Exploring the medicinal value of Boletus from the dual perspectives of modern pharmacology and traditional Chinese medicine theory.

The genus Boletus is widely distributed in temperate regions and contains diverse bioactive compounds, particularly polysaccharides and flavonoids. Boletus has been reported to exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, gut microbiota-modulating, antihyperglycemic, and muscle-protective activities, mainly due to its polysaccharides, phenolic compounds, and key minerals such as selenium and zinc. In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Boletus is described as having a slightly sour and spicy taste, as well as a neutral nature, and it is believed to affect the heart and spleen meridians. In addition to clearing heat and relieving vexation, it is known to nourish blood and tonify qi, circulate blood and relax tendons, and remove wind and transform dampness. This review examines the pharmacological value of Boletus from the perspectives of both modern pharmacology and TCM theory, highlighting the intersection between its contemporary pharmacological actions and traditional therapeutic effects. Moreover, we creatively suggest a path of self-synergy and mutual synergy for Boletus's application, and provide new insights for its modernization in TCM and interventions for chronic diseases.