Beyond the Barrier: Orchestrating Precision Dermatology Through Personalized Dermal Drug Delivery.

Dermatoses comprise a diverse group of skin disorders that compromise skin integrity, adversely affect patient health, and significantly reduce quality of life. These conditions are often associated with inflammation, infection, and disease progression, necessitating personalized therapeutic strategies and long-term management. Recent advances in molecular biology have facilitated the identification of biomarkers associated with disease onset, progression, and treatment response. These biomarkers provide valuable insights into disease pathophysiology and support early diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic monitoring. This review presents a comprehensive overview of gene expression profiles and biomarkers associated with various dermatological disorders. Understanding biomarker signatures enables the development of targeted and personalized therapeutic approaches tailored to individual patients, thereby improving treatment efficacy and clinical outcomes. In addition, this review highlights the role of nanocarrier-based systems in dermal drug delivery. Compared with conventional formulations, nanoparticle-based nanocarriers improve drug stability, enhance bioavailability, enable controlled drug release, minimize systemic toxicity, and reduce off-target drug delivery, making them promising platforms for the effective management of dermatological disorders.