Perceptions and attitudes of healthcare professionals on discussing sexuality with cancer patients, including sexual minority groups - a mixed-methods study.

PURPOSE: This study examined the attitudes and perceptions of healthcare professionals in Flanders towards discussing sexuality and sexual problems in cancer patients and in cancer patients from LGBTQI + backgrounds.

METHODS

A mixed-methods research using a convergent parallel design was conducted. Quantitative data were collected through a cross-sectional online survey of healthcare professionals working in cancer care across Flanders (n = 259). The qualitative study used an exploratory design. healthcare professionals of one expert centre were purposefully recruited for focus group interviews (n = 3). Thematic analysis with investigator triangulation was used during data analysis.

RESULTS

Linear regression analyses indicated that professional role (B = 3.108; p ≤ 0.001) and age (B = 1.761; p = 0.004) significantly predicted healthcare professionals' attitudes related to addressing sexuality in cancer care. Both current professional role (B = 0.729; p ≤ 0.001) and age (B = 0.463; p = 0.022) were significant for healthcare professionals' knowledge. Training (B = -0.511; p = 0.027) was additionally predictive of knowledge. Five themes emerged from the focus group interviews: (1) knowledge and preparedness of HCPs, (2) attitudes, beliefs, and professional culture, (3) contextual and structural barriers to communication, (4) patient relationships and communication dynamics, and (5) inclusivity and diversity with LGBTQI + patients.

CONCLUSION

Although most HCPs reported positive attitudes toward discussing sexuality, gaps in knowledge, confidence, and inclusive communication persist. Strengthening healthcare professionals' competencies in sexual health communication is essential to better address the needs of all cancer patients better.