Targeting Neurovascular Pathways: Gene Therapy as a Novel Treatment for Vascular Dementia After Stroke.

Stroke is the second leading cause of mortality worldwide, resulting from an interruption of blood flow to the brain, which subsequently diminishes oxygen supply. Although strokes can occur at any age, incidence rises significantly after 55. Vascular dementia, a progressive condition associated with cerebral infarction, is a long-term sequela of stroke that predominantly affects older populations. To date, there is no cure for this form of dementia. Recent experimental studies in rodent models, however, demonstrate promising outcomes in combating neuronal degeneration through gene treatments utilizing brain-derived neurotrophic factor, fibroblast growth factor-2, and vascular endothelial growth factor. These advancements suggest a potential breakthrough in vascular dementia treatment. This comprehensive review delves into the complexities of strokes, exploring their challenges and constraints. Furthermore, we explore the growing field of gene therapy, highlighting successful interventions that may revolutionize the landscape of vascular dementia treatment. This review aims to provide a refined understanding of stroke-related issues and the transformative potential of gene-based interventions in mitigating the burden of vascular dementia.