Intracellular Uptake of Magnetic Nanocapsules with Ionic Chitosan Shells and Magnetically Triggered Cargo Release.
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Vallée Tanja C, Glasmacher Jannik S, Buchner Hannes, Arkwright Peter D, Behrends Uta, Bondarenko Anastasia, Browning Michael J, Buchbinder David, Cattoni Alessandro, Chernyshova Liudmyla, Ciznar Peter, Cole Theresa, Czogała Wojciech, Dueckers Gregor, Edgar John David M, Erbey Fatih, Fasth Anders, Ferrua Francesca, Formankova Renata, Gambineri Eleonora, Gennery Andrew R, Goldman Frederick D, Gonzalez-Granado Luis I, Heilmann Carsten, Heiskanen-Kosma Tarja, Juntti Hanna, Kainulainen Leena, Kanegane Hirokazu, Karaca Neslihan E, Kilic Sara S, Klein Christoph, Kołtan Sylwia, Kondratenko Irina, Meyts Isabelle, Nasrullayeva Gulnara M, Notarangelo Lucia D, Pasic Srdjan, Pellier Isabelle, Pignata Claudio, Misbah Siraj, Schulz Ansgar, Segundo Gesmar R, Shcherbina Anna, Slatter Mary, Sokolic Robert, Soler-Palacin Pere, Stepensky Polina, van Montfrans Joris M, Ryhänen Samppa, Wolska-Kuśnierz Beata, Ziegler John B, Zhao Xiaodong, Aiuti Alessandro, Ochs Hans D, Albert Michael H
Аннотация
METHODS: We propose an approach enabling a magnetically induced forced uptake of core-shell nanocapsules carrying hydrophobic actives together with hydrophobized MNs. Such capsules, formed in a facile emulsification process, are composed of amphiphilic cationic or anionic chitosan (shell) and oil-dispersible MNs (oil core). The capsules were characterized using DLS, cryo-TEM. They were loaded with a model fluorescent dye, Nile Red, and pulled into cells applying a static magnetic field. Then, they were treated with an alternating magnetic field to disrupt the capsules thanks to the action of MNs.
RESULTS: Cryo-TEM imaging confirmed the presence of MNs inside the capsules (d≈200 nm). Confocal microscopy imaging showed the efficient capsules' intracellular uptake only after exposition to static magnetic field (some spontaneous uptake was observed for anionic capsules). Then, application of alternating magnetic fields induced rapture of the capsules inside the cells and release of the cargo.
DISCUSSION: This approach is very versatile as various lipophilic compounds could be encapsulated, then transported to desired tissues without active or passive targeting and kept there using static magnetic field, limiting undesired side effects of a therapy to the whole organism. The proposed capsules with MNs respond efficiently to magnetic field stimulation - they can be magnetically navigated into the cells and release their cargo after application of alternating magnetic field. This approach opens opportunities for controlled intracellular delivery of hydrophobic actives using easily applicable magnetic stimuli for both delivery and release.