Eyes of Africa: The Genetics of Blindness. Baseline characteristics, ocular features, and associations with glaucoma in continental Africans.
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Ashaye Adeyinka, Olawoye Olusola, Stuart Kelsey V, Sarimiye Tarela, Chuka-Okosa Chimdi, Kizor-Akaraiwe Nkiru, Idakwo Ugbede, Tagoe Naa Naamuah, Amissah-Arthur Kwesi Nyan, Adenrele Kuburat O, Okeke Chinedu Anthony, Adedeji Akinyemi O, Baiyeroju Aderonke, Akpa Onoja, Ogbonnaya Chimdia, Majekodunmi Oluwole, Otegbulu Chinwe, Uche Nkechi, Adegbehingbe Bernice, Onakoya Adeola, Oyedepo Oyetunde E, Hussain Oluwatobi J, Adekoya Bola, Adewara Bolajoko Abidemi, Msosa Joseph Matiya, Mensa-Bonsu Akosua Badu, Kwarteng Kwaku Oppong, Adam Yakubu Seidu, Osei Kwame Okyere, Lodoh Edem, Abaidoo Benjamin, Toseafa Raymond, Okeke Suhanyah, Shiweobi Obinna, Okudo Adaora, Oko Chukwu, Fowobaje Kayode, Ajayi Benedict Gboyega, Falusi Adeyinka, Obianwu Ifeyinwa, Adeoti Caroline, Anumudu Ugochukwu, Nnaegbunam Oluchi, Adejuwon Adedapo, Congdon Nathan, Hauser Michael A, Khawaja Anthony P, Realini Tony
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: To characterise the baseline phenotypic findings and glaucoma-related ocular features of participants with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG, cases) and non-glaucoma controls and to report sociodemographic and medical associations of POAG in the cohort.
DESIGN: Multicentre, cross-sectional study.
PARTICIPANTS: 9418 adults (5189 POAG cases; 4229 controls) recruited from 16 centres in Nigeria, Ghana and Malawi.
METHODS: Standardised demographic, medical and ophthalmic data were collected, including visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), optic disc evaluation, visual fields and central corneal thickness.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Glaucoma severity, visual impairment (VI) and sociodemographic/medical associations of POAG.
RESULTS: Compared to controls, cases were older (mean age 63.9 years vs 61.4 years, P < 0.001) and more likely to be male (57.4% vs 45.2%, P < 0.001). Three-quarters of cases (76.8%) were classified as having severe glaucoma in at least one eye at recruitment, with a third (34.4%) suffering severe VI or blindness. The leading causes of VI in controls were cataract (65.0%) and uncorrected refractive error (13.8%). POAG was significantly associated with older age, male sex, higher level of education, unemployment, history of alcohol consumption, African trypanosomiasis, higher maximum IOP and a positive family history of glaucoma.
CONCLUSION: There is a significant glaucoma disease burden in sub-Saharan Africa. Further analyses of the cohort will identify genetic determinants of these clinical findings and reinforce the urgent need for public health interventions in sub-Saharan Africa.