Is Vitamin A Supplementation Campaign Still Justified? A Qualitative Study Exploring Insights From Policymakers and Programme Planners in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Background

According to the last national survey in 1998, the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) was as high as 61% in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), leading to the implementation of the vitamin A supplementation (VAS) programme. The available data are outdated and require situation analysis and vitamin A status data. While these data are missing, the relevance of the VAS programme is currently at the centre of debate, and it is important to understand how policymakers and programme planners perceive VAS. This study aims to explore the insights of policymakers and programme planners regarding its relevance and justification.

Methods

This study used an exploratory qualitative design. Data were collected using key informant interviews with policymakers and programme planners at the national, provincial and health zone levels, including a total of 25 participants. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.

Results

The participants recognised the relevance of VAS in reducing morbidity and mortality, especially in children. However, they identified challenges in communication and delivery mechanisms, such as insufficient supplement supply and a lack of provider motivation. The participants' opinions diverged regarding the justification of the VAS programme. Some participants perceived VAS as an essential strategy due to its benefits, while others advocated for alternative, cost-effective approaches, such as improving vitamin A dietary intake through fortification.

Conclusion

Although VAS was considered important, our findings highlight the need to investigate alternative approaches, such as promoting affordable vitamin A-rich foods. There is an urgent need for more objective information regarding vitamin A status in the child population, and further research on VAD is necessary to evaluate the impact of the VAS programme.