Whole microbiota transplantation restores gut homeostasis throughout the gastrointestinal tract.

This study introduces whole microbiota transplantation (WMT), a synergistic therapeutic approach that concurrently transplants small intestinal and fecal microbiota. In germ-free mice, WMT outperforms conventional fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in restoring gut microbiota diversity and abundance. Moreover, in a chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis model, WMT alleviates intestinal inflammation and reverses microbiota dysbiosis. Encapsulation in layer-by-layer self-assembled nanocapsules further boosts microbial survival and colonization, amplifying WMT's anti-inflammatory effects and microbiota restoration in a mouse model of pan-intestinal infection. Overall, WMT represents a precise strategy for reshaping microbial homeostasis across the entire gastrointestinal tract, with therapeutic promise for inflammatory bowel diseases and small-intestinal disorders.