Implemented strategic trypanosomosis and vector control activities along the Birbir River Basin through the application of deltamethrin-based insecticides using stationary attractive devices (targets), ground spraying, and live bait techniques.

Baseline and control intervention entomological and parasitological studies were conducted from September 2016 to February 2018 with the intended purpose of evaluating the effectiveness of implemented strategic trypanosomosis and vector control activities. The baseline and control intervention entomological studies compared and revealed a decline in the overall apparent fly density from 2.61 flies/trap/day during the baseline study to 1.68 flies/trap/day after the control intervention, representing a reduction of 64.37%. Additionally, the mean daily catch per trap showed a significant reduction from 5.23 ± 1.58 to 3.35 ± 1.58 (mean catch ± SD). The comparison of baseline and control study results showed a significant decline in the overall prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis, from 7.91% to 4.81% (likelihood ratio = 13.49, P ≤ 0.00), corresponding to a reduction of 60.81%. Furthermore, a better herd mean packed cell volume (PCV) was observed during the control intervention study (22.53 ± 4.48 and 25.68 ± 4.04, mean PCV ± SD) compared to the baseline (21.87 ± 4.57 and 25.41 ± 4.27, mean PCV ± SD) in parasite-infected cattle. Therefore, the results of the study clearly showed that the implemented vector control activity, specifically the application of deltamethrin insecticides on stationary attractive devices (targets), ground sprays, and live bait techniques, effectively suppressed both the vector population (Glossina flies) and parasite prevalence (trypanosomiasis) during the study period.