Analysis of differential transcriptome expression reveals that ISG15 provides support for embryo development by promoting angiogenesis in porcine mesometrium.

Mesometrium is the "gateway" through which the endometrium exchanges nutrients and substances with the outside world due to blood vessels entering endometrium across mesometrium. Therefore, dissecting the transcription atlas of the mesometrium will be a great help in understanding the role of mesometrium during implantation. In this study, we collected samples from the mesometrium and adjacent endometrium on the 12th day of estrous cycle and pregnancy. Transcription atlas of mesometrium and adjacent endometrium revealed that genes such as ISG15, which are related to the pathway of response to Interferon α and γ, were significantly enriched. The result of immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the core genes within these pathways were mainly located in the vascular endothelial cells both the endometrium and mesometrium. ISG15 interferon assay revealed the down-regulation of ISG15 induced proliferation, migration and tube formation. Taken together, we concluded that down-regulation of genes related to response of interferons promoted angiogenesis in the mesometrium and adjacent endometrium, allowing mesometrium to play an essential supportive role in pregnancy.