Gynecological and postpartum ultrasonography of cesarean uterine scar defects: a pictorial essay.

There is an increasing incidence of cesarean scar defect. This article will discuss and show different and variable sonographic presentations of scar niches and uterine postpartum ultrasonography with vaginal birth after cesarean section that can be confusing and many should be unaware of. This brief review aims to help practitioners to avoid confusion and be aware and acquainted with the different sonographic findings encountered in practice related to cesarean scar. It can lead to uterine rupture I labour, dehiscence in pregnancy and placenta accreta in the future pregnancy, but this is not evidence-based and not even a contraindication for pregnancy. It is neither an indication of repair for the presenting patient nor an indication to screen these patients for such complications. It is treated if associated with infertility or bleeding and not in asymptomatic ones.