Ulcerative intestinal tuberculosis case as a complication of treatment by infliximab for intestinal Behçet's disease: A case report.

RATIONALE: Intestinal Behçet's disease (BD) is characterized by intestinal ulcerations and gastrointestinal symptoms. Ulcerative intestinal tuberculosis (TB) is usually with dyspepsia, abdominal pain, vomiting, and weight loss. The 2 diseases exhibit similar clinical manifestations, but the most critical aspects of their clinical courses and required treatments are not at all similar.

PATIENT CONCERNS: We present a case in which a patient with intestinal Behçet's disease developed a de novo ulcerative intestinal TB infection after the start of anti-tumor necrosis factor-α treatment. This was despite histopathologic examination without caseous necrosis granuloma and negative for acid-fast staining and latent TB screen.

DIAGNOSES: Intestinal Behçet's disease and intestinal TB.

INTERVENTIONS: The patient was treated with quadruple antituberculous chemotherapy, comprising rifapentine, isoniazid, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide.

OUTCOMES: At follow-up about 3 months, the therapy of oral antituberculous drugs and thalidomide was continued and the patient's condition had stabilized.

LESSONS: This case illustrates the importance of closely monitoring patients who are on infliximab for possible onset of TB, even without abdominal symptoms, and with negative screening results for latent TB.