Rare concurrence of apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and effusive constrictive pericarditis.

A 78-year-old man with a history of pulmonary tuberculosis was referred for preoperative evaluation of cardiac function. Echocardiography and cardiac cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) indicated apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), a thickened visceral pericardium, and a large pericardial effusion. Cardiac late gadolinium-enhanced MRI revealed pericardial inflammation or fibrosis. Apical HCM with concurrent effusive constrictive pericarditis was diagnosed. Further studies are required to elucidate the pathophysiology of this condition.