American journal of biological anthropology · 2025
Reappraisal of the Morphological Affinities of the Maba 1 Cranium: New Evidence From Internal Cranial Anatomy.
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Hui Jiaming, Wu Xiujie, Balzeau Antoine
Аннотация
OBJECTIVES: Maba 1 is a critical fossil from the late Middle Pleistocene Asia. It is well-known for the Neanderthal-like face, while its neurocranium shows affinities with many hominin taxa, which makes the taxonomic status of Maba 1 controversial. Beyond the limited information from the external surface, we investigate in detail its internal structures, which are largely unexplored.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reconstructed and described its frontal sinuses, diploic vessels, endocast, and bone thickness, using micro-CT data. Linear measurements were applied for the frontal sinuses and endocast, and the latter was also analyzed through geometric morphometrics. A comparison is made after considering the preservation of Maba 1 and the availability of comparative specimens.
RESULTS: The linear discriminant analyses for the frontal sinus cluster Maba 1 with Homo neanderthalensis. The Maba 1 diploic vessels anastomosed with the parietal foramen, a rare trait among H. neanderthalensis. The Maba 1 endocast differs from Homo erectus in the frontal lobe, but it was generally closer to H. erectus than to H. neanderthalensis and Homo sapiens. Generally, Maba 1 shares higher resemblances with other debated specimens, including LH18, Djebel Irhoud, and Broken Hill 1. The bregmatic thickness of Maba 1 differed from most H. erectus, while patterns in other areas share similarities with H. neanderthalensis and some H. erectus.
DISCUSSION: The internal structures of Maba 1 show a combination of morphological features found in various species. These findings further evidence the high morphological variability among Asian hominins in the late Middle Pleistocene. Maba 1 currently cannot be definitely classified in any known hominin taxon.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reconstructed and described its frontal sinuses, diploic vessels, endocast, and bone thickness, using micro-CT data. Linear measurements were applied for the frontal sinuses and endocast, and the latter was also analyzed through geometric morphometrics. A comparison is made after considering the preservation of Maba 1 and the availability of comparative specimens.
RESULTS: The linear discriminant analyses for the frontal sinus cluster Maba 1 with Homo neanderthalensis. The Maba 1 diploic vessels anastomosed with the parietal foramen, a rare trait among H. neanderthalensis. The Maba 1 endocast differs from Homo erectus in the frontal lobe, but it was generally closer to H. erectus than to H. neanderthalensis and Homo sapiens. Generally, Maba 1 shares higher resemblances with other debated specimens, including LH18, Djebel Irhoud, and Broken Hill 1. The bregmatic thickness of Maba 1 differed from most H. erectus, while patterns in other areas share similarities with H. neanderthalensis and some H. erectus.
DISCUSSION: The internal structures of Maba 1 show a combination of morphological features found in various species. These findings further evidence the high morphological variability among Asian hominins in the late Middle Pleistocene. Maba 1 currently cannot be definitely classified in any known hominin taxon.