Behavioral treatment of urinary incontinence: a complementary approach.

When treating urinary incontinence, the first choice for treatment should be the least invasive and with the fewest side effects. Behavioral intervention is one such treatment modality. Behavioral interventions are defined as a change in the relationship between the patient's symptoms and his/her environment. Behavioral interventions include fluid and dietary management, toileting assistance, bladder retraining, urge suppression, and pelvic muscle rehabilitation. Intermittent self-catheterization is also considered a behavioral intervention when combined with fluid/dietary or toileting changes. Before selecting a treatment option, a detailed history, physical examination, and environmental assessment should be taken. In addition, to effectively employ behavioral interventions, the patient's goals should be determined, the patient should be taught about the underlying causes of his/her problem, and he/she should be provided with not only motivation, but also support. Finally, behavioral interventions recognize the significant contribution that the patient makes in his/her own recovery.