Visceral Leishmaniasis Mimicking Aggressive Lymphoma.

We present the case of a 48-year-old immunocompetent male who presented with B-symptoms, inflammatory syndrome, and splenomegaly suggestive of aggressive lymphoma. After a thorough diagnostic workup ruled out lymphoma, visceral leishmaniasis was suspected due to his travel history to a low-endemic area for Leishmania spp. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed the diagnosis, and the patient was successfully treated with liposomal amphotericin B. This case highlights the importance of considering visceral leishmaniasis in febrile patients with relevant travel histories and the critical need for early diagnosis and treatment.