Principle of biological adaptation: Evolutionary adaptations of the female pelvis to bipedalism as the main cause for fetopelvic disproportion.

Throughout human evolution, changes in the size and shape of the pelvis have occurred in connection with bipedalism. These changes have become genetically fixed in the ontogeny of modern female Homo sapiens. The typological classification of pelvic shapes and sizes in women was examined, demonstrating the significance of pelvic structural features in influencing the course of labor. The application of modern pelvic examination methods for planning management strategies and predicting the outcome of natural childbirth was also discussed. Several recent studies on pelvic mobility during pregnancy suggest that performing small movements with a peanut-shaped exercise ball before and during labor may create more space in the pelvis and increase the likelihood of a safe vaginal birth.