Root resorption and irreversible damage to the paradental Structures associated with orthodontic treatment.

Modifications of orthodontic appliances and mechanotherapy have evolved continually over the past several decades. General practitioners have observed the changes in appliance design in their own patients in treatment by local orthodontists. This article discusses state-of-the-art orthodontic biomechanics and appliance design, and the impetus that has led many clinicians to adopt biomechanically sound treatment innovations that avoid damage to dental roots and their supporting tissues.