Pathophysiology, Assessment, and Management of Pain Associated with Chronic Pancreatitis.

Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a fibroinflammatory disease, with pain as its most prominent symptom. This article provides a comprehensive review of the pathophysiology, assessment methodologies, and management strategies pertaining to pain in CP. Pathophysiological mechanisms include inflammatory and neuropathic components, including peripheral and central sensitization. Pain assessment can include unidimensional and multidimensional pain assessment scales, neurophysiological assessments, and advanced imaging techniques. Management strategies include a spectrum from lifestyle modifications, pharmacologic interventions, and interventional procedures to neuromodulatory techniques and other experimental treatments.