Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the determination of IgG, IgA, and IgM autoantibodies to pyruvate dehydrogenase in primary biliary cirrhosis.

Autoantibodies to the recently described mitochondrial autoantigen, pyruvate dehydrogenase, have been shown to be specific for primary biliary cirrhosis. In the present study we describe enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to detect antibodies of IgG, IgA, and IgM classes reactive with pyruvate dehydrogenase. These assays showed high sensitivity (95%) and specificity (100%) for primary biliary cirrhosis when evaluated in 28 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, 59 disease controls, and 214 healthy persons. Quantitation of these autoantibodies by calculating the areas under the sera titration curves of 10 primary biliary cirrhosis patients indicated that an increase in IgA antibodies to pyruvate dehydrogenase is related to more rapid disease progression.