A Pediatric Case of Leukemia Retinopathy with Peripheral Retinal Changes Detected by Ultra-Widefield Optical Coherence Tomography.

PURPOSE: We report a case of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) diagnosed with ocular symptoms, in which dilated and tortuous retinal vessels were observed and monitored using ultra-widefield optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

METHODS

Case report of a 13-year-old girl who presented with bilateral photopsia and misty vision in the right eye.

RESULTS

Fundus examination revealed dilated and tortuous retinal arteriovenous veins and yellowish-white exudative lesions along the retinal vessels in both eyes. A similar yellowish-white exudative lesion was observed in the macula of the right eye. A blood test showed a high white blood cell count of 588,400/µL. CML was diagnosed by hematological examination. After one month of treatment for CML, the patient was in complete hematologic remission, and the yellowish-white exudative lesions and dilatation and tortuosity of the retinal vessels improved. Ultra-widefield OCTA revealed dilated and tortuous retinal capillaries, as well as areas of non-perfusion at the initial visit; these findings improved after treatment.

CONCLUSION

Ultra-widefield OCTA can be used to non-invasively observe extensive retinal vascular and capillary changes in leukemic retinopathy over time.