Submandibular ectopic thyroid gland.

Ectopic thyroid glands are generally a rare entity appearing mostly in the cervical midline (90% of the cases) and even more rarely in other anatomical sites (10%). We present the case of an ectopic submandibular thyroid gland. An 81-year-old woman was referred to our department with a history of right-sided submandibular swelling. Preoperative FNA revealed benign ectopic thyroid tissue. The patient was submitted to resection of the mass. Histological examination of the specimen confirmed the diagnosis. A substitution treatment with thyroxin was initiated postoperatively, as this was the only functional thyroid tissue. Review of the literature revealed 18 similar cases. Physicians should be aware of the possibility that a submandibular swelling could be an ectopic thyroid gland. This entity poses specific diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties. Thorough preoperative diagnostics and resection of the ectopic tissue guarantee a good outcome.