Acoustic properties of utterance-initial glottal stop in Hawaiian.

The Hawaiian phoneme inventory includes a consonant ('okina) typically described as glottal stop. Recent studies have found that 'okina is rarely produced with full glottal closure utterance-medially, and is instead produced as a period of creaky phonation. This study investigated the acoustic correlates of utterance-initial 'okina following a pause. Although visible creaky phonation did not occur for utterance-initial 'okina, several reliable acoustic correlates were found during the first vowels of utterances that started with 'okina. Vowels preceded by 'okina had higher fundamental frequency, more abrupt onsets of acoustic energy, greater acoustic energy both in the fundamental frequency and across all frequency ranges, lower harmonics-to-noise ratios, and higher jitter than vowels that started without a preceding 'okina. Linear discriminant analyses of the data showed that these acoustic correlates were able to correctly categorize ∼75% of productions. Although no concurrent articulatory data were collected, arguments are provided to suggest that 'okina is regularly produced as full glottal closure utterance-initially in Hawaiian, possibly because of effects of prosodic strengthening. We believe the present study is the first to establish a relationship between utterance-initial glottal stop and these acoustic effects on the following vowel.