Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026
Dogs display context-dependent behavioral responses to subtle owner-derived multimodal stimuli.
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Ikeda Rio, Saito Maaya, Iwata Yuki, Ozono Takumi, Alemayoh Tsige Tadesse, Kubo Takatomi, Izawa Ei-Ichi, Fujiwara Koichi, Yamakawa Toshitaka, Ohno Kazunori, Kikusui Takefumi, Nagasawa Miho
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: Dogs (Canis familiaris) can discriminate explicit human emotions using various sensory modalities. However, their sensitivity to subtle human-derived emotional cues accompanied by physiological changes, but lacking clear behavioral cues, remains poorly understood. This study investigated whether dogs could perceive owner-derived emotional cues when suppressing explicit expressions.
METHODS: Owners were assigned to either stress or relaxation conditions designed to induce stress or relaxation, respectively. Following the experimental manipulation, facial video, voice, and olfactory samples were collected during a standardized reading task and simultaneously presented to the dogs. The behavioral responses and heart rate variability (HRV) of the dogs during stimulus presentation were recorded.
RESULTS: Owners exhibited elevated physiological arousal during both the control and stress induction periods, whereas negative mood increased only during stress induction. In response to these owner-derived stimuli, dogs under the stress condition displayed greater stimulus-directed attention toward control-derived stimuli than toward stress-derived stimuli. No clear effects of condition or stimulus type on dog HRV were observed; however, SDNN-based physiological synchrony between owners and dogs tended to increase with stress-derived stimuli.
DISCUSSION: Our results suggest that dogs respond to complex owner-derived stimuli in a context-dependent manner. These findings suggest that dogs may respond to subtle combinations of owner-derived cues that reflect physiological arousal, subjective emotional state, and task-related influences.
METHODS: Owners were assigned to either stress or relaxation conditions designed to induce stress or relaxation, respectively. Following the experimental manipulation, facial video, voice, and olfactory samples were collected during a standardized reading task and simultaneously presented to the dogs. The behavioral responses and heart rate variability (HRV) of the dogs during stimulus presentation were recorded.
RESULTS: Owners exhibited elevated physiological arousal during both the control and stress induction periods, whereas negative mood increased only during stress induction. In response to these owner-derived stimuli, dogs under the stress condition displayed greater stimulus-directed attention toward control-derived stimuli than toward stress-derived stimuli. No clear effects of condition or stimulus type on dog HRV were observed; however, SDNN-based physiological synchrony between owners and dogs tended to increase with stress-derived stimuli.
DISCUSSION: Our results suggest that dogs respond to complex owner-derived stimuli in a context-dependent manner. These findings suggest that dogs may respond to subtle combinations of owner-derived cues that reflect physiological arousal, subjective emotional state, and task-related influences.