Evaluation and Diagnostic Testing.

The evaluation of cardiovascular disease in pregnancy is challenging due to overlaps between cardiac and normal pregnancy symptomatology, as well as concerns about the potential impact, if any, of imaging studies on fetal development. We discuss here an approach to the evaluation of the pregnant cardiac patient and review the safety and utility of available diagnostic tests, including labs, electrocardiogram, echocardiography, stress testing, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and cardiac catheterization. Importantly, the majority of standard imaging studies can be safely performed in pregnancy, and a high index of suspicion must be maintained when evaluating pregnant patients, especially those with preexisting cardiovascular disease.