3D model-guided transcatheter closure of left ventricular pseudoaneurysm: a case series.

Left ventricular pseudoaneurysm (LVPsA) is a rare complication of myocardial infarction, cardiac surgery, chest trauma, infection or transcatheter interventions. It may cause arrhythmias, mass effect, thromboembolism and life-threatening rupture. The transcatheter approach is nowadays considered a cost-effective alternative to surgery. In this setting, 3D printing could be an emerging, powerful tool to plan transcatheter closure and choose the best occluding device. This study reports on three cases of complex LVPsA successfully treated by transcatheter device implantation guided by printed 3D heart models.