[Rheumatic fever in a four-year-old girl].

Rheumatic fever (RF) is a systemic autoimmune response 2-4 weeks after a tonsillopharyngitis with group A beta-haemolytic Streptococcus. The disease may cause arthritis, carditis, chorea, erythema marginatum and subcutaneous noduli. Due to improved hygiene, living conditions and use of antibiotics, RF is a rare disease in Denmark today. The variable symptoms and low incidence is a diagnostic challenge. In this article, we present a case of RF in a four-year-old girl and provide an overview of diagnostic criteria and treatment.