[History. The development of fixed appliances in orthodontics].

The development of fixed orthodontic appliances has a long history. Archaeological finds suggest Egyptian and Etruscan civilizations made use of techniques for stabilizing and moving teeth. In the 18th century, Pierre Fauchard laid the foundation for modern orthodontics; he was followed by Edward Angle, who introduced a systematic approach in the 19th century. Innovations such as the edgewise bracket, the Begg technique and the acid-etch technique have increased the efficiency and predictability of treatments. Modern developments include self-ligating brackets, improved wires and skeletal anchorage techniques. The steady progress within orthodontics focuses on optimizing forces, patient comfort and duration of treatment. Scientific and technological innovations have contributed to more effective orthodontic corrections and highlight the dynamic nature of the field.