Modern therapeutic strategies to mitigate biofilm-associated infection in livestock organisms.

Biofilm consists of populations of microorganisms encased in an extracellular matrix that the microbes produce themselves and adhere to either a living or non-living surface. When compared to planktonic cells, the intrinsic properties of cells within a film are distinct. There has been a lot of concern about biofilm resistance to antimicrobial drugs recently. It is already established that biofilm linked with soft tissues of livestock organisms can cause multitude of chronic and severe infections and that remains the leading underlying reason why antibiotics get ineffective in combating infections. Eliminating biofilms is an arduous task. Investigations on establishing novel and promising strategies in controlling infections associated with biofilms and fighting the challenge are continuing. To assess the efficacy of these techniques, however, there is necessity of further preclinical research and well-designed multi-center clinical trials. Here, an attempt has been made to explore the detailed mechanisms responsible for the development of biofilm-related drug- resistance as well as the recent advancements in therapeutics and effective strategies against microbial biofilms.