Navigating open data sharing and privacy in the age of clinical AI research: from reidentification to pseudo-reidentification.

Sharing clinical research data is key for increasing the pace of medical discoveries that improve human health. However, concern about study participants' privacy, confidentiality, and safety is a major factor that deters researchers from openly sharing clinical data even after deidentification. This concern is further enhanced by the evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) approaches that pose an ever-increasing threat to the reidentification of study participants. Here, we discuss the challenges AI approaches create that are blurring the lines between identifiable, and non-identifiable data. We present a concept of pseudo-reidentification, and discuss how these challenges provide opportunities for rethinking open data sharing practices in clinical research. We highlight the novel open data sharing approach we have established as part of the AI-READI (Artificial Intelligence Ready, and Exploratory Atlas for Diabetes Insights) project, one of the four Data Generation Projects funded by the National Institutes of Health Common Fund's Bridge2AI Program.