The journal of spinal cord medicine · 2026
Effectiveness of virtual reality in treating neuropathic pain in patients with spinal cord injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
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Gao Fan, Yu Tong, Song Jing, Chen Zhaodong, Hu Danqing
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: spinal cord injury (SCI) is a pathological condition in which the structure and function of the spinal cord are damaged due to trauma or disease. Patients with SCI often suffer from neuropathic pain. Virtual reality (VR) is a promising intervention for pain management. However, the effect of VR in managing neuropathic pain in patients with SCI remains unclear.
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of VR on neuropathic pain in patients with SCI.
METHODS: This study adhered to PRISMA guidelines and was registered on PROSPERO. PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases were searched for studies involving VR, pain, and anxiety in patients with SCI published up to February 2025. We assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane ROB tool and the ROBINS-I tool. A meta-analysis of the included data was conducted using RevMan 5.4 software.
RESULT: A total of seven studies were included, including four pre-post studies and three RCTs. Overall, VR intervention significantly reduced neuropathic pain in SCI patients (MD = -2.26, 95% CI: -2.89 to -1.63, P < 0.001). VR was more effective than non-VR conditions (SMD = -0.99, 95% CI [-1.51, -0.48]).
CONCLUSION: VR demonstrated efficacy in relieving neuropathic pain among SCI patients. Furthermore, VR provided superior pain relief compared to non-VR conditions. However, additional high-quality research is warranted to explore further the comparative effectiveness of VR interventions relative to other treatments and to identify the optimal intervention parameters and protocols.
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of VR on neuropathic pain in patients with SCI.
METHODS: This study adhered to PRISMA guidelines and was registered on PROSPERO. PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases were searched for studies involving VR, pain, and anxiety in patients with SCI published up to February 2025. We assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane ROB tool and the ROBINS-I tool. A meta-analysis of the included data was conducted using RevMan 5.4 software.
RESULT: A total of seven studies were included, including four pre-post studies and three RCTs. Overall, VR intervention significantly reduced neuropathic pain in SCI patients (MD = -2.26, 95% CI: -2.89 to -1.63, P < 0.001). VR was more effective than non-VR conditions (SMD = -0.99, 95% CI [-1.51, -0.48]).
CONCLUSION: VR demonstrated efficacy in relieving neuropathic pain among SCI patients. Furthermore, VR provided superior pain relief compared to non-VR conditions. However, additional high-quality research is warranted to explore further the comparative effectiveness of VR interventions relative to other treatments and to identify the optimal intervention parameters and protocols.