Knowledge and Prevalence of Hepatitis B and C Viral Infections Among Beauticians: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Ejisu-Juaben Municipality of the Ashanti Region, Ghana.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Procedures used by beauticians pose a significant risk of transmitting blood-borne viruses, including hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). Despite this risk, data on HBV and HCV prevalence and knowledge among beauticians in Ghana are limited. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, prevalence, and workplace safety practices related to HBV and HCV infections among beauticians in the Ejisu-Juaben Municipality.

METHODS

A cross-sectional study was conducted from June to August 2023 through convenience sampling. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on sociodemographics, knowledge, and safety practices. Venous blood samples (3 mL) were collected to test for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HCV antibodies. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 (IBM, USA). Fisher's exact test was used to determine associations between categorical variables, and logistic regression analysis was used to assess risk factors for HBV infection.

RESULTS

Among the 198 beauticians, 4.0% (8/198) tested positive for HBsAg, whereas none tested positive for HCV. Fisher's exact test revealed no significant association between HBV infection and sociodemographic factors, knowledge, or safety practices (p > 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed no significant association between HBV infection and risk factors (p > 0.05). Regarding knowledge, 12.6% and 77.8% of the beauticians had never heard of HBV and HCV, respectively, whereas 54.9% and 61.4% did not know their modes of transmission. Unsafe beauty practices were common, with 21.7% not using protective gloves, 59.6% failing to disinfect tools after each use, and 31.3% reusing razors.

CONCLUSION

This study highlights poor knowledge and unsafe beauty practices among beauticians. Although the HBV was low and no cases of HCV were detected, the lack of awareness and inadequate safety measures pose a public health concern. Targeted health education, vaccination programs, and enforcement of salon safety standards are recommended.