Techniques for bypassing and stenting ureteral obstructions.

The advent of current endourological equipment and combined cystoscopic fluoroscopy allows the urologist to divert and/or stent the majority of benign and malignant ureteral obstructions in either a retrograde or antegrade fashion. We report on our recent experience in managing 105 obstructed renal units to formulate a troubleshooting endourological algorithm for bypassing and stenting ureteral obstructions. The methods described allow for safe and successful stent diversion in the majority of patients with ureteral obstruction requiring initial or primary endourological management. The algorithm presents alternative techniques for bypassing and stenting ureteral obstructions.