Small-angle vertical strabismus treatment in the elderly.

Small vertical fusion amplitudes complicate the management of small-angle vertical strabismus in the elderly, and innovative procedures have the potential to facilitate effective treatment options in these patients. To identify and evaluate alternative procedures for the treatment of small-angle vertical strabismus in the elderly, we conducted a comprehensive literature search in PubMed and Google Scholar. Here, we identify and evaluate new surgical techniques that target small-angle vertical strabismus, including graded partial tenotomy, partial tendon recession, minitenotomy, and miniplication. All procedures have shown promise in offering alternatives to standard recession surgery, although patient selection appears to be paramount in optimizing outcomes. Further study is required to validate their efficacy and evaluate long-term outcomes.