Augmented Reality in Minimally Invasive Spinal Interventions: Current Use and Future Directions.

Minimally invasive spinal interventions have a steep learning curve from a technical perspective, as they are associated with performing precise maneuvers where the surgeon may or may not have direct or full visualization of the patient's anatomy. Augmented reality (AR), where models of the patient's anatomy can be overlaid within the surgical field, has offered promise to improve the operative experience. We present a qualitative review of recent advances in applications of AR technology in minimally invasive spinal procedures in both clinical and educational settings. We explore current evidence of experiences with this technology and highlight key areas for future development. Through this review, we aim to provide a deeper understanding of the current state of AR in transforming both the clinical and educational realms of minimally invasive spinal surgery.