Auris, nasus, larynx · 2025
High-salt intake exacerbates endolymphatic hydrops and alters aldosterone regulation in a Ménière's disease animal model.
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Kinoshita Makoto, Kakigi Akinobu, Katsutani Yuki, Kamogashira Teru, Koda Kento, Ichijo Kentaro, Fujimoto Chisato, Yamashita Shinji, Kondo Kenji
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: Ménière's disease (MD) causes episodic vertigo and fluctuating hearing loss and is pathologically characterized by endolymphatic hydrops (EHs), often resulting from impaired endolymph absorption in the endolymphatic sac (ES). Although salt restriction is widely recommended, its mechanistic basis remains unclear. This study aims to examine how ES dysfunction and dietary salt intake interactively affect endolymphatic homeostasis, vestibular function, and aldosterone regulation.
METHODS: Guinea pigs underwent ES ablation or sham surgery and were fed either a normal- (0.41 % NaCl) or high-salt (2.0 % NaCl) diet, generating four groups (Sham-Normal, Sham-Na, ES-Normal, ES-Na; n = 4 per group). Vestibular evoked potential (VsEP) thresholds and plasma aldosterone were measured at 4 weeks post-surgery. Animals were then given their assigned diets for 2 weeks, after which both variables were re-evaluated at week 6. Animals were subsequently euthanized, and EHs were quantified using optical coherence tomography (OCT) as the extension ratio of Reissner's membrane length and increase ratio of scala media area (IR-A).
RESULTS: Two-way ANOVA revealed a significant surgery × salt interaction for IR-A, indicating synergistic hydrops when ES damage and high salt co-occurred. VsEP thresholds increased with both factors but showed no interaction, indicating additive vestibular impairment. Aldosterone exhibited a clear interaction: ES ablation elevated aldosterone under normal salt conditions, whereas high salt suppressed aldosterone irrespective of surgical status.
CONCLUSION: Sodium excess is associated with worsening EHs in ES dysfunction, suggesting a relation between sodium intake and EHs formation in MD. These results support further studies, including a low-salt group, to clarify whether and how sodium restriction could improve MD symptoms.
METHODS: Guinea pigs underwent ES ablation or sham surgery and were fed either a normal- (0.41 % NaCl) or high-salt (2.0 % NaCl) diet, generating four groups (Sham-Normal, Sham-Na, ES-Normal, ES-Na; n = 4 per group). Vestibular evoked potential (VsEP) thresholds and plasma aldosterone were measured at 4 weeks post-surgery. Animals were then given their assigned diets for 2 weeks, after which both variables were re-evaluated at week 6. Animals were subsequently euthanized, and EHs were quantified using optical coherence tomography (OCT) as the extension ratio of Reissner's membrane length and increase ratio of scala media area (IR-A).
RESULTS: Two-way ANOVA revealed a significant surgery × salt interaction for IR-A, indicating synergistic hydrops when ES damage and high salt co-occurred. VsEP thresholds increased with both factors but showed no interaction, indicating additive vestibular impairment. Aldosterone exhibited a clear interaction: ES ablation elevated aldosterone under normal salt conditions, whereas high salt suppressed aldosterone irrespective of surgical status.
CONCLUSION: Sodium excess is associated with worsening EHs in ES dysfunction, suggesting a relation between sodium intake and EHs formation in MD. These results support further studies, including a low-salt group, to clarify whether and how sodium restriction could improve MD symptoms.