Profiteering optical biosensors for swift assaying clanobutin residues in food samples, baby food and surface water: Comparative greenness, whiteness and blueness assessment.

In livestock systems, clanobutin sodium (CLB) is a pivotal veterinary medication due to its appetite-stimulant features. This contribution aims to design, for the first time, a straightforward and ecological framework for quantifying CLB in various matrices. Relying on a direct mix-and-read assay, tyrosine (TS) and tryptophan (TP) biosensors were exploited as turn-off fluorescence probes for quantifying CLB using λex/em 274/302 nm and 272/361 nm, respectively. Upon adopting the optimized experimental conditions, there was a quantitative quenching in the native fluorescence of TS and TP through the concentration ranges (0.8 - 10.0 µg mL-1) and (3.0 - 20.0 µg mL-1) of CLB, with correlation coefficients (r) = 0.9997 and 0.9995, respectively. The established approaches were effectively applied for estimating CLB in veterinary formulations with standard deviations ± 1.84 and ± 1.50 for TS and TP, respectively. They have also authenticated significant practical applicability for assessing CLB residues in assorted food samples (including bovine muscle, poultry muscle, eggs, and milk), baby food, and river water with SD not exceeding 3. The paramount application findings highlighted the significance of the suggested work in many sectors such as food quality assurance, drug quality control, environmental monitoring, and therapeutic drug monitoring. A comparative study was executed between the proposed and published methodologies concerning the greenness, whiteness, and blueness appraisals. To achieve a fair arbitrage, we refuge to plentiful software and assessment tools, including Green Certificate Classification (GCC), Analytical Greenness Metric Approach (AGREE), the Red-Green-Blue (RGB) 12 algorithm and Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI). The outcomes accentuate the proposed work as a pioneering effort in inspecting a holistic evaluation of sustainability in the analytical chemistry field.