Cholangiocarcinoma Risk Factors Open the Floodgates for Gut Microbes and Immunosuppressive Myeloid Cells.

Primary sclerosing cholangitis and colitis are known predisposing factors for bile duct cancer, but their exact pro-oncogenic mechanisms are unclear. In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Zhang and colleagues identify intestinal barrier impairment as a key mechanism, resulting in gut microbes spilling into the portal vein, in turn recruiting immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells and promoting cholangiocarcinoma.See related article by Zhang et al. p. 1248.