Maxillary sinus augmentation procedures: a narrative clinical review.

An edentulous posterior maxilla can present a challenge for placement of dental implants due to the proximity of the maxillary sinus. Sinus augmentation is a surgical bone grafting procedure aimed to increase the bone height for implant support. A number of sinus augmentation techniques have been presented and the outcomes show good implant success rates. In order to achieve the desirable outcomes, it is important to gain knowledge of the maxillary sinus anatomy and complete a thorough preoperative evaluation. Being aware of the location of vasculature, nerves, and the presence of septa will help reduce the risk of intraoperative and postoperative complications. This review provides a narrative clinical overview related to the anatomy, preoperative evaluation, contraindications, techniques, postoperative care, outcome measures, and complications of sinus augmentation procedures.