The Role of Ethylene and Its Antagonists in Advancing Postharvest Management of Fruits and Flowers.

Ethylene, a key plant hormone that regulates fruit ripening, senescence, and abscission. Due to these functions, ethylene is often referred as "aging hormone." These roles help plant development and reproduction, yet complicate postharvest management for perishable fruits, vegetables, and cut flowers. Unchecked ethylene production and action accelerate spoilage, reduce shelf life, and diminish product quality during storage and transport. This chapter explores the synthesis, signaling pathways, and physiological effects of ethylene, providing an understanding for its impact on postharvest biology. It also examines control measures, such as temperature and humidity regulation, modified atmosphere storage, and ethylene inhibitors like 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP). Recent advances in ethylene antagonists and packaging systems infused with ethylene blockers are also discussed. This chapter offers strategies to manage ethylene and extend storage life, marketability, and acceptability of perishable goods. By integrating ethylene control into postharvest technologies, it balances optimal ripening with longer shelf life, ensuring that high-quality produce reaches consumers.