Risk Factors of Chemotherapy-Induced Painful Peripheral Neuropathy: A Retrospective Study from A Single Cancer Center.

BACKGROUND

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) affects approximately 50% of patients who receive chemotherapy. CIPN often results in dose reductions, therapy discontinuation, and long-term neurological impairment. Despite existing studies, identifying high-risk populations remains challenging, particularly in patients with diabetes, diabetic neuropathy, and those undergoing corticosteroid therapy.

OBJECTIVES

We sought to evaluate the key risk factors associated with CIPN by analyzing patient demographics, comorbidities, and chemotherapy regimens, with a specific focus on diabetes-related variables in order to inform early identification and prevention strategies.

STUDY

DESIGN

Retrospective, single-center, observational cohort study.

SETTING

Academic tertiary care cancer center.

METHODS

Adult patients who received chemotherapy between January 2016 and December 2023 were identified through electronic medical records. Patients with CIPN were defined by the International Classification of Disease, Tenth Revision G62.0 diagnosis code (drug-induced polyneuropathy) and an associated diagnosis of "painful peripheral neuropathy." Extracted data included demographics (age, body mass index [kg/m2], race/ethnicity), clinical variables (alcohol use, corticosteroid use, diabetes-related factors), and chemotherapy regimen details. Descriptive statistics, Wilcoxon rank sum, c2/Fisher's exact tests, and multivariable logistic regression were performed. Institutional review board (IRB) approval was obtained (IRB exemption #2024-0139).

RESULTS

Among 36,949 patients, significant CIPN risk factors included older age (40-80 years, P < 0.0001), women (odds ratio [OR] 1.89; P < 0.0001), non-Hispanic/non-Latino ethnicity (OR 1.29; P < 0.0001), and corticosteroid use (OR 2.01; P < 0.0001). African American patients had lower odds of CIPN than White patients (OR 0.78; P < 0.0001). Diabetic neuropathy was strongly associated with increased CIPN risk (OR 5.35; P < 0.0001). Alcohol use was inversely associated with CIPN (OR 0.75; P < 0.0001). Several chemotherapy agents also showed significant associations.

LIMITATIONS: Our study is limited by its retrospective design, potential misclassification bias in CIPN diagnosis, and reliance on electronic medical records. Alcohol use data were frequently missing or unspecified, limiting interpretation.

CONCLUSIONS

Key CIPN risk factors include age, race/ethnicity, corticosteroid use, and diabetic neuropathy. Alcohol use appeared inversely associated with CIPN, though causality remains unclear. Individualized patient assessments and proactive management strategies may help reduce CIPN incidence and improve outcomes in patients with cancer who are receiving chemotherapy.